What Do Most People Think Of When They Hear The Words Punk Rock Some

What do most people think of when they hear the words Punk Rock? Some people may think of delinquents sporting dyed hair, leather jackets, and chains. Although this may be true among some punk rock enthusiasts, there is much more to punk music and culture. Punk rock is believed to have originated in Great Britain and other parts of Europe. Although there are no exact dates on punk's creation, it is believed to have started in the late 60's or early 70's. Punk rock is a relatively new music trend but it has already created some well-known bands such as "The Sex Pistols", "NoFx", and "Green Day". Punk music was originally created by bands to help them express their feelings about the corrupted governments and other social problems in Europe. This music is characterized by it's high paced beat and sometimes offensive lyrics. To be punk rock it has to be adrenaline packed and in your face. The music used is usually very simple with extremely fast drumbeats and five chord guitar rifts. Of course there are many talented artists that have contributed more elaborate tunes, but for the most part they are kept simple. Many people associate this type of music with anarchists and trouble makers because of it's underground nature, but it does have an appeal among normal young adults. Punk has gone from it's primitive days of protesting the government to more excepted topics such as relationships and everyday events. The music is still sometimes rebellious, but it is always fun. Many bands have turned to humor for inspiration for their songs, which has created many bands that are very comical. Classical and Country music fans may never accept Punk Rock as real music because of it's high speed and seemingly immature lyrics, but Punk will always have it's faithful audience. Punk Rock attracts many unique individuals and has become an anthem for unaccepted groups such as skateboarders. Skateboarding and Punk Rock have been unaccepted by society for many years, but are starting to become more accepted thanks to movies and television. Many punk bands have become so popular that they have appeared on movies and TV. One such band is The Ramones. The Ramones are an older band that has made appearances on many movies and radio shows. Even with society starting to accept punk rock more, many punk enthusiasts believe that punk music is only punk when it is played to a bunch of local kids in a run down dance hall.

Proctors relationship Essays

Proctors relationship Essays Proctors relationship Essay Proctors relationship Essay Proctors relationship with his wife Elizabeth is obviously strained, both are trying really hard to reconcile with each other. Proctor seasons the stew his wife is cooking and tells her that it is well seasoned. Proctor does this to charm Elizabeth and compliment her on her good cooking. However Proctor knows that Elizabeth has not truly forgiven him for his affair with Abigail Williams. This is proved in the quote Proctor I have forgot Abigail, and-Elizabeth- And I. Proctor- Spare me! You forget nothing and you forgive nothing. This quote shows us that Proctor clearly feels that his wife has not forgiven him for his actions. Initially the audience might feel that it is Proctors guilt that is the reason for his aggressive behaviour toward Elizabeth but at the end of the play she acknowledges her own contribution towards his affair. Therefore his remorse for his sin and his commitment to his marriage become more heroic than we may first think. This is backed up by the quote: I have sins of my own to count. It needs a cold wife to prompt lechery. This shows that Elizabeth has accepted that she was partly to blame for Proctors affair with Abigail. In the main part of the crucible we see the town of Salem whipped up into a frenzy of condemnation of innocent people who have wronged in no way punishable of death. Proctor however sees the hysteria as nonsense. He also sees no need for Hale to be sent for; Hale is a reverend in a nearby town of Beverly who is learned in the arts of the devil. Proctor realises that if he comes than the whole situation will be totally misinterpreted as the devil being at work in Salem. This is stated in Parris- A wide opinions running in the church that the devil may be among us, and I would satisfy them that they are wrong- Proctor- Then let you come out and satisfy them wrong. Did you consult the wardens before you called this minister to look for devils? This quote shows us that Proctor wants Parris to tell the people that there is no witchcraft in Salem and does not like the idea about an expert being involved as this would lead to uproar in Salem and other towns around Salem. When the women of the Village get arrested Proctor aids their husbands to try and free them. This in my opinion is a selfless act of heroism on its own. Not only that but Proctor himself confesses to sleeping with Abigail as a reason for the accusations the girls are making. This is very unselfish of Procter as he knew that him admitting to having slept with Abigail will result in his castigation however what he doesnt know is that this will be used against him. Proctor is then also accused of witchery and taken to jail. When being questioned, Elizabeth defends Proctor and points out his good character. This helps develops Proctors heroic view on the audience. Proof of this is shown when it states There will be no higher judge under heaven than Proctor is! Forgive me, forgive me, John I never knew such goodness in the world. This shows that Proctors wife believes Proctor to be a true hero because of what he has done and what he has been through for her. The play end with the death of proctor and other well respected characters in the village. Even though proctor falsely admits seeing the devil to save himself from being hanged he does not sign to it this is because proctor believes that he is betraying his friends that have been killed as well as to save himself in a sense being ridiculed. This is supported by the quote Because it is my name! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! I am not worth the dust on the feet of them who hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my sole; leave my name!. This shows proctors incredible will and braveness by protecting the honour of his name and the honour of the people who did not confess. Proctors heroism is also glorified when it quotes I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs. This shows how Procter distinguishes that there is some goodness in him. To conclude I believe that John proctor was indeed a tragic hero in the play. He achieved his sense of purpose in life and that was to be a good father, husband and Christian whilst saving the dignity of his name. I also believe that Abigail could be described as the villain in the play as she manipulated the panic in Salem for her own purpose not even considering how many lives and families she ruined. Elizabeth discovers her husbands true nature and is happy because of it as if she had not discovered the true John Proctor she would still have doubted him a good man. I also believe that Arthur Miller created the character John proctor to be a tragic hero by giving him power (the respect of the village) a flaw (his affair with Abigail) and his purpose (to be a good man and please his wife and children).

Killer Nashville Writers Conference Scholarship Giveaway

Killer Nashville Writers Conference Scholarship Giveaway Want to attend a conference but cant afford the cost?   Want to be around others who enjoy reading mystery and suspense?   FundsforWriters, in partnership with 2016 Killer Nashville, is offering a scholarship to one lucky individual who wishes to hob-nob with other mystery enthusiasts for the three days of August 18-21, 2016 in Franklin, TN. But wait, theres more. Guess who will be the Guests of Honor  at this shin-dig? Besides so many other published and almost-published authors . . . besides a sea of mystery aficionados? Janet Evanovich is the #1 New York Times bestselling author of the Stephanie Plum series, the Fox and O’Hare series with co-author Lee Goldberg, the Lizzy and Diesel series, twelve romance novels, the Alexandra Barna Before his thrillers landed him on The New York Times Bestseller list, Kevin O’Brien was a railroad inspector who worked all the live long day and wrote novels at night. His first thriller, The Next To Die (2001) became a USA Today  Bestseller. Then came The Last Victim (2005), which hit the New York Times Bestseller list and won the Spotted Owl Award for Best Pacific Northwest Mystery. So, what does this scholarship include? 3-day full registration for the conference ($300 value) Agent/Editor Roundtable participation (free for you because you have a 3-day registration) A free Network Lunch on Saturday with Guest of Honor Janet Evanovich ($45 value) A free Breakout Session (a paid event for others) any of the three days ($15 value and only open to 3-day registrants) A ticket to the Guest of Honor Dinner Awards Banquet ($95 value) $100 toward travel and transportation (issued Total value $555 ***NOTE: Conference does not include all costs of transportation or motel accommodations. See Killer Nashvilles site for information on the special hotel rates for this conference. So, how do you enter for a chance to win this opportunity? Email hope@chopeclark.com with KILLER NASHVILLE SCHOLARSHIP in the subject. Include name, address, phone, email, website/blog/Facebook (if applicable) Explain what this scholarship means to you in 100-500 words. Agree to write a 500-600-word piece for FundsforWriters within 30-days  after the event, talking about the conference and how you benefited from the experience. Piece will also be considered for publication on the Killer Nashville site. Winner selected based upon the quality of submission. DEADLINE for entries is midnight (Eastern Time), on July 1, 2016. (Winner to be announced July 8, 2016.) So, why is FundsforWriters sponsoring this contest? Because C. Hope Clark is an avid mystery author and enthusiast and wants to share that joy. Because C. Hope Clark believes every author ought to experience the thrill of a writing conference. Because C. Hope Clark wants to give back to the readers of her mysteries. Thanks . . . looking forward to your entries . . . https://www.fundsforwriters.com/killernashvillescholarship DISCLAIMER: C. Hope Clark reserves the complete right to make the final decision of winner, not to be disputed. Article to be submitted upon return from the conference to be turned in no later than September 23, 2016 and will not receive additional compensation. The scholarship is not transferable. If winner cannot attend, C. Hope Clark/FundsforWriters reserves the right to give the scholarship to the runner-up on her choice in the contest.

Death Penalty in New York State Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Death Penalty in New York State - Research Paper Example George Kendall is documented as being the first man to be officially put to death in colonized America by the state in 1608. Since then over 20,000 accused criminals have been executed in America for a variety of offenses ranging from murder to property crimes. The inclination of jurists to award the death penalty almost at will in the early part of American history was partly influenced by the lack of penitentiaries and an organized prison system. Execution was seen as the primary method to protect society from subversive and anti-social elements. Capital punishment was also employed as a means to control the slave population and many disproportionate capital sentences were imposed on slaves of African descent when the same would not have applied to Caucasians. In New York attempted murder or rape were capital crimes only when committed by slaves (Acker, 2003). The colony of New York was originally under the control of the Dutch albeit without any formal legal system. The death pena lty was practiced and administered in an arbitrary and reckless manner in those early days. It was often the case that when the culprit could not be identified, the accused would have to â€Å"draw lots† in order to determine who would be executed. The arrival of the British to New York saw the implementation of a penal code, where the death penalty was still a frequently awarded punishment. In 1741, 18 white colonials and 13 slaves were sentenced to death by burning at the stake. However, the new British legal system also contained a clemency clause. An individual on death row was eligible for a pardon if they agreed to leave the colony or chose to enlist in the armed forces. As a result of this provision during the 18th century 51% of individuals sentenced to death in New York were eventually pardoned (Heller, 2008). The death penalty statute continued to evolve after the formation of the United States of America and the subsequent imposition of its new legal system. In 188 8, The New York State Assembly passed a statute which would see it become the first state to directly administer the death penalty. According to the statute the death penalty was mandatory for extremely grave and depraved offences. The law also called for a new method of execution, which was â€Å"death by electricity†. William Kemmler became the first man to be executed by means of electric chair, in 1890. Up until the 1930’s the State of New York was responsible for more executions than any other state. During this period state statutes were amended in order to encompass a wider array of crimes that could be punishable by death. The most significant of these was kidnapping, influenced greatly by the â€Å"Lindbergh baby’ saga which dominated headlines during this period. Due to these amendments juries were also instructed to give sentencing recommendations in trials where the convicted were eligible for capital punishment (Heller, 2008). Rise of Abolitionist Movement Throughout the colonial era and up until the mid 20th century voices that were opposed to the death penalty slowly began to grow in strength. By the 18th century many American’s had begun to question the application of the death penalty for crimes that were petty and trivial in nature. Dissenting voices could also be heard in

Porters 5-Force Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Porters 5-Force Analysis - Essay Example In the following paper the example of online university as a part of a strategic group within the larger context of "universities" will be considered to research the Porter's Five Forces model. The theory of five forces model along with practical analysis is combined in each of Porter's discussion within the chosen industry. In the analysis of online university it is important to carefully enumerate the supplier group. Suppliers to the online education industry would be faculty (content suppliers), mentors, software providers and perhaps in the case of state-supported institutions, the legislators and regents. Given that legislators and regents have considerable power in some instances, one has to acknowledge that the principal supplier group exerts relatively little power in relationship to the industry. Thus the bargaining power of suppliers is low. Barriers to entry deter new competitors from entering the market and creating more competition for established firms. There are several major barriers to entry and they include economies of scale, capital requirements, product differentiation, switching costs, cost disadvantages independent of scale, access to distribution channels, and government policy. One example of an industry with high barriers to entry is computer chip manufacturing. The extremely high cost of building a fabrication plant makes entry into this industry very risky. The resturaunt industry on the other hand has considerably fewer barriers to entry since almost everything can be leased and employees need not be highly experienced and trained. (Porter, 7). One has only to watch the Internet to see almost daily announcements of new email courses, programs and degrees rapidly proliferating. The reasons for this are fairly obvious. Barriers to entry are low. Capital requirements are minimal. Switching costs are not important to the buyers and brand identity is probably not nearly as important as access and convenience. Demand for this "product" is growing rapidly as industry demands larger numbers of advanced degrees and education to meet market demands. The threat of new entrants is high. III. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES Threat of Substitutes exist when the demand for a product declines due to either lower prices of a better performing substitute product, low brand loyalty, new current trends, or low switching cost. When threat of substitutes is low the outcome is favorable to the industry,

The Army as a Profession of Arms Essay Example for Free

The Army as a Profession of Arms Essay As the Army transitions from the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan, the organization is well served to take a long look in the mirror. After ten plus years of deployments, our combat tested warriors are sure to possess more than enough valuable knowledge to reinforce and improve upon our status as a profession. A Tracdoc  published paper explains â€Å"to be a professional is to understand, embrace, and competently practice the expertise of the profession. † I believe the profession of arms exists and there are many components that reinforce this argument. Among these components, initial entry training and institutional learning, shared values, and a monopoly on our mission are three of the most important tenants. All Soldiers must graduate from Basic Combat Training and all officers must graduate from a commissioning source. Similar to medical school or law school in other traditional professions, these schools set the foundation for years of practice that will lead to expert work. From the first day in these schools, Soldiers are taught the seven Army values and the Soldiers creed. Comparable to the Hippocratic Oath, these words set basic principles all Soldiers must live by. Last, no other organization has the knowledge, material, or will to ensure national defense and security. The Army’s unique and expert work ensures it is a profession in the truest sense of the word. First, the Army provides specialized training and qualifications for its members. This initial training starts with BCT and a commissioning sources and continues through Advanced Individual Training for enlisted and the branch specific Basic Officer Leader Courses. Starting at the beginning of IET Soldiers are basically apprentices. All share knowledge common to members but unique to our organization. NCO’s and Company grade officers could be looked at as Journeymen. Have proven skills and knowledge. Senior NCO’s and Field Grade and Senior Officers are Master’s. All are professions but on different training paths. Also, Soldiers continue to qualify in the form of Military Occupational Specialty training, Army Physical Fitness Tests, and weapon qualifications that demonstrate a members potential for service throughout a career. According to Tracdoc commander General Robert Cone, it takes â€Å"years of hard work to reemphasize training and doctrine and years of individuals seeking to professionally improve themselves and the profession† to reach the desired end state of masters in the profession of arms. Second, the Army is governed by two related ethos. On the first day of initial training Soldiers are taught the importance of the seven Army values and begin to memorize the Soldier’s Creed. Like doctors and lawyers, â€Å"the military is an expert group, charged by its client to conduct work governed by a professional ethic† according to Lieutenant General Robert Caslen. A recent study commissioned by the Army found that 93% of Soldiers share their personal with the one set by the Army. Again, according to Caslen â€Å"the Army Values have sustained our institution through some of our most difficult years and will continue to be the foundation of our profession. † Last, no one else can provide national level security. A monopoly on the expert work that is to be performed is true of all professions. Caslen states that the American people â€Å"expect us to stand in the gap between the evil that is out there and our Nation’s values and our citizens themselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This overwhelming charge is true to the profession of arms and can only be expected of experts in our given field. In conclusion, I believe the United States Army is a profession led by masters who are constantly training and mentoring expert replacements who execute their mission with the core values that have guided us for years. According to Brigadier General Sean MacFarland, â€Å"when we examine the key attributes of our profession, we can never lose sight of this underlying truth, because it sets us apart from all others. †

Internet Gambling, Online Gambling :: Journalistic Essays

Online Gambling    There is a major issue to be dealt with, which is spreading with little regulatory oversight and no effective screens against participation by the young and the vulnerable.   Internet gambling represents one of the fastest growing segments of online activity with more than seven hundred web sites now providing users the opportunity to wager everything from casino games to sporting events.   According to internet research firms, the industry will pull in $1.5 billion in world-wide revenues this year.   That figure is expected to hit at least $6 billion by 2006.   Also, a survey conducted by the Pew Internet and American Life Project concluded that $4.5 million Americans have gambled online and that 1 million gamble online everyday.     Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many different issues dealing with the legalization of online gambling.   The current law dealing with online gambling is the Wire Transfer Act of 1961.   Under this statute, the law is violated when telephone lines are used in interstate or foreign commerce to place wagers.   The statute also bars the transmission of information that assists betters to gamble on sports events and contests.   Recently, Congress have been active in seeking to pass further legislation to restrict betting on the web.   Last November, the Senate proposed the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.   This statute would make it a crime to knowingly use the internet or other interactive computer services to place, receive, or otherwise make a bet or wager; or send, receive, or invite information assisting in the placing of a bet or wager.   Penalties would be as high as $20,000 and 4 years in prison.   However, in a vote in July, the bill narrowly missed obtaining the two t hirds majority required to pass the bill.   In May, the Unlawful Internet Gambling Funding Prohibition Act was introduced.   This statute would criminalize and prohibit any person engaged in a gambling business from knowingly accepting from another person who is involved in internet gambling a credit card or extension of credits, an electronic transfer of funds, or any instrument payable through a financial institution.   This would shield certain financial institutions from liability as long as they do not know that their facilities are being used for online gambling.   This bill has also not yet been passed.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Either of these Acts would greatly help the problems of online gambling.   There are a number of reasons why this booming industry should provoke more concern among policy makers.

Code of conduct Essay

A Code of Conduct is published and disseminated to its employees, and to existing and potential stakeholders such as members of the board of directors, customers, partners, vendors, suppliers, potential employees and the general public. Frequently posted on the organization’s website and in their annual report to shareholders, the Code of Conduct is both an internal commitment to a standard of behavior and beliefs and a public declaration of the organization’s position on a set of standards, values, principles, and beliefs. The Code of Conduct is the heart and soul of a company. Think of a Code of Conduct as an in depth view of what an organization believes and how the employees of an organization see themselves and their relationship with each other and the rest of the world. The Code of Conduct paints a picture of how employees, customers, partners, and suppliers can expect to be treated as a result. After going through major corporation code of business I decided to write a paper based off of one companies code of business ethics outline. That company is Amazon. The reason I chose Amazon was how simple there code of conduct in ethics was for how large of a corporation they are. The following are the things I felt could used revision. The company I found online for code of conduct was Amazon. They had a short and simple code of ethics page. Although short and to the point I feel they left a few things out. Amazon is a company that relies on distribution through vendors and returning customers. I felt that nowhere on this page was there a place that states they hold management or vendors accountable. Owner and upper level management accountability is very import for a company’s code of conduct. These individuals are requires to show honesty, transparency and integrity in their daily rolls. This sets the ethical base for a company, along with it also keeps individual owners and managers accountable for their actions. A unethical manager that is allowed to rein free in a business can create a difficult business situations and over extend a company’s resources. The next point I would like to make is, even though they mention compliance  with the laws I think they fail to mention anything about inappropriate behavior. Many companies use a code of ethics to prevent inappropriate employee behavior. Inappropriate behavior can include lying to clients, engaging in froud, failing to meet specific operational standards or similar conduct. A code of ethics about this subject can help employees understand why these actions are inappropriate and the reasons companies expect better behavioral performance. Companies may also limit their legal liability from poor employee performance by usiing this code of ethics. Another great point I would like to bring up about Amazons ethics code is their ability to institute the code. For a code of conduct to be useful, it is importance to introduce and endorse it at the highest level of business. Once the code is written, The CEO and governing body should sign off on it. Then, the company can incorporate it into training programs. Many companies require staff members to sign a document that they read and understand the code, and others require all employees to abide by the code as conditions of their employment. Many companies also use an internal review to measure the effectiveness of their code. This may be all done internally, but nowhere on the code of conduct was it instructed or announced that they do this. A code of conduct is developed either by a powerful executive, or often the owner. In amazons case is feel this was a cross section of employees that have executive influence, so it would be easier to incorprate and integrate. It is more likely to affect the actual beleifs and operation of the organization. The code of conduct will most likely acheive full implementation with in the organization when more are involved in the creation. Due to this I feel amazon has missed a few valuable areas in which they can improve on with their revisions for the future with code of conduct and ethics. Cite: Retrieved June 1, 2014, from http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-govConduct

African American Oral Tradition Essay

Modern African American Literature was formed under a stressful time for Africans, slavery. The only way the stories of the indigenous people of Africa were passed down was through oral recollections, or stories of the events. In America this was especially difficult for the slaves because of laws preventing them from learning English. By not being allowed to learn English, the slaves had to learn English solely on auditory purposes. This essentially made the slaves illiterate. When the slaves transferred the language that they heard to paper, a new style of language was formed which was referred to as dialect. Dialect is what the slaves thought they heard and the correct spelling of those words, not standard English. Dunbar, who wrote fluently in both standard English and dialect was praised by white critics only for his dialect poems, and not praised for his poems in standard English. His literacy works are still alive today, however the dialect works were attached with a stigma. Usually whites despised the African’s dialect. Therefore, the slaves would not try to publish any type of work with dialect because the slaves did not want to be associated with the stigma. In all, by creating a unique dialect gave the slaves a bilingual type of style. By not being able to write, slaves also made Genres such as, spiritual, folk songs and gospels. Songs such as these were ways of passing down stories to the next generation. These songs also contained secret messages. These messages may have contained information about escape routes or even the underground- railroad. However most of the songs were spiritual in nature. The songs also progressed through the years. The originals slave folk songs, spirituals, and gospels are now prevalent in modern day jazz and the blues. Martin even gives the example of Hayden, who mixes his song ideas with the ideas of Bessie Smith. Even though African are allowed to read and write, this is a form how their culture is still expressed today. Martin made the emphasis that the oral tradition is part of the African Americans distinct culture.

Science and the Scientist essays

Science and the Scientist essays In my opinion, Science is one of the most central themes in our lives, and probably one of the most overlooked. All through school I remember hearing How am I going to use this?. To that I say what you dont know can kill you. There is more to science than what meets the eye. Such as corruption and questions in the ethics of science. Science is a much vaster area than what most people think. My view of science is that it has a good and bad side. It has applications that can save lives and create a greater good for mankind, but in the wrong hands it can either go to waste or cause destruction and misery. I believe that science is all around us. Although I do not know an actual working scientist, I can see how it affects our everyday lives. The technology around is all due to science. Without Science I would not even be able to type this paper. Most people make the common misconception that science is only about plants and nature, at least it seems this way from my experience. Little do people realize that this is only a small portion in the world of science. Anything and everything around us having to do with technology involves a great deal of science. It has also helped to save the lives of millions. Vaccines and medicines can all be attributed to science. Science has cured countless diseases and is in the process of curing countless more. Science is not all good though. As with anything that can bring about massive global change, there is a great deal of beaucracy involved. Often the good that can come out of such development is caught up in the question of how can we make this profitable? In the Cantors Dilemma they are at least still trying to find a cure. I myself often wonder if they havent just simply given up on curing some diseases because as Chris Rock says, Theres no money in the cure. Although this sounds rather morbid one cant help...

Australian Surging Housing Prices

The surging housing prices in Australia is spearheaded by the acceleration in the Sydney Australian, the largest as well as the most expensive market. As reflected in the most recent Home Value Index by CoreLogic RP Data, the capital city has its housing prices surging by 1.6 percent in May. This shot in housing prices left the rise over the first five months of the year at five percent (Draper 2000). The medium dwelling price in Australia across the nation pegs at $580,000. The trend has shown no slowdown but has rather bucked the anticipation from the various parties early in the year that prices of houses were due to deteriorating. The surging price is a clear manifestation of the high rise construction booms beginning to influence the values of the apartments (Karantonis and Janet Ge 2007). A greater proportion of the price surging evolved from free prices that lurched 1.8 percent thereby overwhelming a smaller 0.1 percent rise in units. The strong 3.1 percent growth in Sydney that accounted for the gains witnessed in May that took median dwelling price to $782,000. The past quarter saw the prices in Sydney jumping by a record 6.6 percent leaving the gain over the previous year at 13.1 percent. The prices of housing outside Sydney in all capital except Perth recorded gains of between 0.1- and 2.5 percent (Duca, Muellbauer and Murphy 2010). Despite being far below the pace witnessed in Sydney over the same period, there was a thirteen percent price surging by May 2015, and this was the fasted annual pace across Australia. The price leaped by 0.1 percent in Brisbane while it shot 0.7 percent in Darwin. In Canberra and Hobart, the surging were 2.2 percent and 2.5 percent in that order. Perth which is the most exposed capital to the mining sector fortunes and it went on record as the single capital to have recorded a decrease in the prices of the housing of 2.7 percent. Since May 2012, Australian Housing prices have increased by 36.6 percent with Sydney recording a surging of 57.5%, the steepest rise over the period (Rahman 2008). The record in Sydney showed that it outpaced gains of 18.5% and 39.4% for Brisbane and Melbourne respectively that took third and second spots.  Ã‚   From the above table, the monthly, annual, as well as quarterly changes in the prices of house crossways Australia's capital besides the current median value per city, have been revealed. It has been suggested by Lawless, the leader of research at CoreLogic that a rise in investor operations ahead of the federal election probably accounted or hastening in property prices in Sydney in May. It has been noted that the degree to which the investors fuel the recent outpouring in Sydney home value is challenging to quantify (Rahman 2008). Nevertheless, the data from housing finance to March demonstrated that investors have been trending upward since hitting the latest trough in November 2015 at 42.9 percent as a proportion of the whole new mortgage mitments. Data drawn from March indicates that investors currently entail 47.6 percent of the whole new mortgage obligations that is the highest proportional reading since August 2015 (Rahman 2008).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other factors that have led to surging prices include short-term factors (interest rates, investment demand, and economic climate) institutional factors (financial deregulation as well as innovation, land supply as well as land-use planning system and government taxes, levies as well as charges). Long term factors include demography, wealth effects and economic growth. The Australian government can embrace various macroeconomic factors to guarantee housing affordability to the young generation. It has been shown that government taxes, charges, and levies account for the surges in housing prices (Rahman 2008). The government imposes taxes, levies a well as charges at all levels in Australia on the urban land development and development. Investors, therefore, face such costs as developer levies, stamp duty on both transfer and sale of land as well as land tax alongside GST on new house construction as well as renovation of the existing houses. The government can subsidize the housing sectors through reduction of these costs to ensure that developers do pass these burden to the eventual housing prices. This will reduce the ‘total indirect task take’ which is noted to be above $124,000 in Sydney and over $88,000 in Melbourne. Without this, this cost will add up to a remarkable ponent of prices of house and hence the lack of affordability of the housing for the young generation (Rahman 2008). Both land prices and affordability correlate with the price of land that is determined by the developed urban land supply. The supply of residential land is influenced by the cost of development, the land development industry structure, and rules as well as the effectiveness of the land-use planning system (Ge and Williams 2015). The government has the power to control land uses which impact on both availability of developed land as well as the related cost of such lands. Since it takes quite some time to bring the underdeveloped land into mercial use besides the lags cost by government regulation on land use which decreases the short-term responsiveness of land supply to immediate land demand pressure, there is a need for the government to waive or reduce the lag (Draper 2000). Reducing this land would mean that the inelastic short-term price of supply is eliminated. Accordingly, since it the short-term price inelasticity of supply is an accelerator of price surging, its removal wil l result in affordable housing prices for the young generation (Oster and Miller 2005).    The government can also respond to increase in housing prices through interest manipulations. This is because for a given level of price, the rates of interest means reduced mortgages repayments. With a reduction in repayment, developers have increased the opportunity of borrowing at any repayment to- i e ratio. The effect of this would be a rise in the demand, and hence housing prices increase ceteris paribus. Conversely, a surged rate of interest will ease the demand (Bourassa, Hendershott and Murphy 2001). The effect would be either stagnating prices, a moderate rise in price or declining prices depending on the aggregated influence of other factors. The government should control the prices of the housing by ensuring a high but stable interest rate so as to eliminate the influence that nominal mortgage rate of interest has on real house price surging both in the short- and long-term. This action will try to weaken the lasting effect that lower rates of interest have had on prices rise in the previous years that are still being felt to date through hiked housing price in the country (Bourassa and Hendershott 2005). The government can also make sure that housing is affordable by controlling the wealth effect. Every society perceives housing as a central store of wealth. It is acknowledged that gross housing assets account for over 50% of the total personal wealth in Australia. Owner occupier, as well as landlord-investors, have a feeling of wealth when the prices of the existing houses are hiking (wealth effect) resulting in a rise in consumption spending (Bewley, Dvornak and Livera 2004). Accordingly, the aggregate demand and hence economic growth results in support of the increasing prices of the house via a self-reinforcing cycle. The current surging in prices have resulted from this and hence the government must not allow this to continue into the future. The government should curb the wealth effect by ensuring that prices of the existing housing do not shoot (Badcock 2009). The government needs to make sure that cases of decreased supply of affordable private rental housing, dwindling suppl y of social housing as well as prolonged time consumed to release new land are eliminated since all these are an essential recipe for lurching house prices in Australia. The stamp duty concession, grant and cash assistance to the occupants by Federal Government First Home Owners are only but costly failures as they have perpetuated increase in expensive houses (Badcock 2004). These policies have failed as they only work on the ‘demand side’ of the housing market with no precise and significant rise in the supply of affordable housing. The government must focus on affordability policies that tend to increase housing supply especially low-cost housing. Reduction of the duration taken to bring land and housing to market must receive particular attention henceforth. The desirable land supply a panied by proper transport facilities and infrastructure alongside the affordable rental housing supply has to be enhanced. The government must give support to the marginal purchasers via appropriate assistance to dwell in their homes (Ahearne et al. 2005). The government needs to develop a national affordable housing strategy that will be helpful in the reduction of housing stress alongside housing crises in Australia.   Ahearne, A.G., Ammer, J., Doyle, B.M., Kole, L.S. and Martin, R.F., 2005. House prices and monetary policy: A cross-country study. International finance discussion papers, 841. Badcock, B., 2004. ‘Snakes or Ladders?’: The Housing Market and Wealth Distribution in Australia. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 18(4), pp.609-627. Badcock, B., 2009. An Australian view of the rent gap hypothesis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 79(1), pp.125-145. Bewley, R., Dvornak, N. and Livera, V., 2004. House price spirals: Where the buck starts. mSec, monwealth Bank, Sydney. Bourassa, S.C. and Hendershott, P.H., 2005. Australian capital city real house prices, 1979–1993. Australian Economic Review, 28(3), pp.16-26. Bourassa, S.C., Hendershott, P.H. and Murphy, J., 2001. Further evidence on the existence of housing market bubbles. Journal of Property Research, 18(1), pp.1-19. Draper, D.A.G., 2000. Rent control and the efficiency of the housing market. Duca, J.V., Muellbauer, J. and Murphy, A., 2010. Housing markets and the financial crisis of 2007–2009: lessons for the future. Journal of Financial Stability, 6(4), pp.203-217. Ge, X.J. and Williams, B., 2015. House Price Determinants in Sydney (No. eres2015-230). European Real Estate Society (ERES). Karantonis, A. and Janet Ge, X., 2007. An empirical study of the determinants of Sydney’s dwelling price. Pacific Rim Property Research Journal, 13(4), pp.493-509. Oster, A. and Miller, P.W., 2005. House Prices-Drivers and Links to the Broader Economy: Rational or Irrational Exuberance. [Department of] Economics, University of Western Australia. Rahman, M.M., 2008. Australian housing market: causes and effects of rising price. In Proceedings of the 37th Australian Conference of Economists (ACE 2008). Economic Society of Australia (Queensland).  

Possible solutions for tobacco usage in UK Essay

Possible solutions for tobacco usage in UK - Essay Example e tobacco tend to start at a very young age, mostly in their teenage, and these normally begin mainly because of the influence of their friends as well as peer pressure, especially in the school environment. Moreover, it has become the norm for these individuals to continue smoking for the rest of their lives since once they pick up the habit from such a young age; it is often very hard for them to stop. The result is that a large chunk of the population of the UK are tobacco users and this has created a situation where despite the best efforts that the government has taken, it has become difficult to control the use of this substance. Some of the largest tobacco companies are based in the UK and because it is a lucrative market for their products, these companies have worked hard to ensure that those laws that are not in favour of the reduction and at times abolishment of tobacco usage are not passed. These companies have powerful lobbies, which work hard to ensure that only laws which are in their favor are passed as a means of retaining their dominance over the UK market (Neuman, Bitton & Glantz, 2002). Therefore, it has become imperative for the government of the UK to take direct and effective measures which are meant to promote a reduction of tobacco usage within the country so that the population can stay free of the medical complications that are related to tobacco usage (Jha & Peto, 2014). Among the biggest steps that the UK government can take to curb the power of tobacco companies is to ensure that legislation that reduces the consumption of tobacco products is introduced and strictly implemented becaus e to do otherwise would mean that the health of the public would be at risk. In addition, the government should require that it make requirements where tobacco companies in the UK have to label their products as being dangerous to the health of those who use them ("Adding harm reduction to tobacco control", 2007). Moreover, the government should take an